GMAT逻辑推理错误解析（二）

评价题作为GMAT逻辑推理的题型之一，其考察的方向同假设题类似，主要针对段落推理中的隐含假设（条件），通常评价题的考题思维分为两种：Yes和No, 如果答案为Yes，那么我们就可以说，这个Yes回答是对段落推理过程的一种支持。如果答案为No, 则情况恰恰相反。很多情形下，评价题只是要求考生针对推理成立的隐含条件（假设）来判定一个最优选项，因此做题的关键要看考生能否在段落推理中找到这个逻辑（隐含）假设。下面就让我们来看一个实例分析：

The United States is not usually thought of as a nation of parakeet lovers. Yet in a census of parakeet owners in selected comparable countries, the United States ranked second, with eleven parakeet owners per hundred people. The conclusion can be drawn from this that people in the United States are more likely to own parakeets than are people in most other countries.

Knowledge of which of the following would be most useful in judging the accuracy of the conclusion?

(A) The number of parakeets in the United States.

(B) The number of parakeet owners in the United States

(C) The number of parakeet owners per hundred people in the country that ranked first in the census

(D) The number of parakeet owners in the United States compared to the numbers of owners of other pet birds in the United States

(E) The number of parakeet owners per hundred people in the countries not included in the census.

明确题意以后，我们首先需要明确那里是本题的结论与前提，本题结论的前提为“美国每一百人中拥有长尾鹦鹉的人数在进行比较的国家中处于第二位，结论为：相比较而言，美国人更加喜欢饲养长尾鹦鹉。在由前提向结论的推理过程中，考生往往会忽略一点，即结论中的most other countries除包括“selected comparable countries”还应包括那些没有进行比较的国家，因此我们在判断结论是否正确以前，还必须知道那些没有参与过此调查的国家的状况是怎样的。所以E为正确选项。

总结本题，我们可以发现学生往往由于没有准确理解题意，导致了推理方向出现偏差，在推理推断的过程中，不仅仅要求考生只是简单的读懂文章而已，更重要的是应能横向与纵向对逻辑题所隐含的问题进行分析性思维，也只有通过不断练习，发现问题并解决问题，我们才能找适合自己的解题思路。